Amazon Data-Engineer-Associate Question Answers

Question # 1

A data engineer needs Amazon Athena queries to finish faster. The data engineer notices that all the files the Athena queries use are currently stored in uncompressed .csv format. The data engineer also notices that users perform most queries by selecting a specific column. Which solution will MOST speed up the Athena query performance? 

A. Change the data format from .csvto JSON format. Apply Snappy compression.
B. Compress the .csv files by using Snappy compression.
C. Change the data format from .csvto Apache Parquet. Apply Snappy compression.
D. Compress the .csv files by using gzjg compression.

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Question # 2

A company stores data in a data lake that is in Amazon S3. Some data that the company stores in the data lake contains personally identifiable information (PII). Multiple usergroups need to access the raw data. The company must ensure that user groups can access only the PII that they require. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort? 

A. Use Amazon Athena to query the data. Set up AWS Lake Formation and create datafilters to establish levels of access for the company's IAM roles. Assign each user to theIAM role that matches the user's PII access requirements.
B. Use Amazon QuickSight to access the data. Use column-level security features inQuickSight to limit the PII that users can retrieve from Amazon S3 by using AmazonAthena. Define QuickSight access levels based on the PII access requirements of theusers.
C. Build a custom query builder UI that will run Athena queries in the background to accessthe data. Create user groups in Amazon Cognito. Assign access levels to the user groupsbased on the PII access requirements of the users.
D. Create IAM roles that have different levels of granular access. Assign the IAM roles toIAM user groups. Use an identity-based policy to assign access levels to user groups at thecolumn level.

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Question # 3

A company receives call logs as Amazon S3 objects that contain sensitive customer information. The company must protect the S3 objects by using encryption. The company must also use encryption keys that only specific employees can access. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort? 

A. Use an AWS CloudHSM cluster to store the encryption keys. Configure the process thatwrites to Amazon S3 to make calls to CloudHSM to encrypt and decrypt the objects.Deploy an IAM policy that restricts access to the CloudHSM cluster.
B. Use server-side encryption with customer-provided keys (SSE-C) to encrypt the objectsthat contain customer information. Restrict access to the keys that encrypt the objects.
C. Use server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) to encrypt the objects thatcontain customer information. Configure an IAM policy that restricts access to the KMSkeys that encrypt the objects.
D. Use server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3) to encrypt theobjects that contain customer information. Configure an IAM policy that restricts access tothe Amazon S3 managed keys that encrypt the objects.

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Question # 4

A data engineer needs to maintain a central metadata repository that users access through Amazon EMR and Amazon Athena queries. The repository needs to provide the schema and properties of many tables. Some of the metadata is stored in Apache Hive. The data engineer needs to import the metadata from Hive into the central metadata repository. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort? 

A. Use Amazon EMR and Apache Ranger.
B. Use a Hive metastore on an EMR cluster.
C. Use the AWS Glue Data Catalog.
D. Use a metastore on an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance.

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Question # 5

A company is planning to use a provisioned Amazon EMR cluster that runs Apache Spark jobs to perform big data analysis. The company requires high reliability. A big data team must follow best practices for running cost-optimized and long-running workloads on Amazon EMR. The team must find a solution that will maintain the company's current level of performance. Which combination of resources will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Choose two.) 

A. Use Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) as a persistent data store.
B. Use Amazon S3 as a persistent data store.
C. Use x86-based instances for core nodes and task nodes.
D. Use Graviton instances for core nodes and task nodes.
E. Use Spot Instances for all primary nodes.

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Question # 6

A company wants to implement real-time analytics capabilities. The company wants to use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and Amazon Redshift to ingest and process streaming data at the rate of several gigabytes per second. The company wants to derive near real-time insights by using existing business intelligence (BI) and analytics tools. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? 

A. Use Kinesis Data Streams to stage data in Amazon S3. Use the COPY command toload data from Amazon S3 directly into Amazon Redshift to make the data immediatelyavailable for real-time analysis.
B. Access the data from Kinesis Data Streams by using SQL queries. Create materializedviews directly on top of the stream. Refresh the materialized views regularly to query themost recent stream data.
C. Create an external schema in Amazon Redshift to map the data from Kinesis DataStreams to an Amazon Redshift object. Create a materialized view to read data from thestream. Set the materialized view to auto refresh.
D. Connect Kinesis Data Streams to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. Use Kinesis DataFirehose to stage the data in Amazon S3. Use the COPY command to load the data fromAmazon S3 to a table in Amazon Redshift.

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Question # 7

A company stores details about transactions in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company wants to log all writes to the S3 bucket into another S3 bucket that is in the same AWS Region. Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational effort? 

A. Configure an S3 Event Notifications rule for all activities on the transactions S3 bucket toinvoke an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to write the event toAmazon Kinesis Data Firehose. Configure Kinesis Data Firehose to write the event to thelogs S3 bucket.
B. Create a trail of management events in AWS CloudTraiL. Configure the trail to receivedata from the transactions S3 bucket. Specify an empty prefix and write-only events.Specify the logs S3 bucket as the destination bucket.
C. Configure an S3 Event Notifications rule for all activities on the transactions S3 bucket toinvoke an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to write the events to thelogs S3 bucket.
D. Create a trail of data events in AWS CloudTraiL. Configure the trail to receive data fromthe transactions S3 bucket. Specify an empty prefix and write-only events. Specify the logsS3 bucket as the destination bucket.

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Question # 8

A data engineer has a one-time task to read data from objects that are in Apache Parquet format in an Amazon S3 bucket. The data engineer needs to query only one column of the data. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? 

A. Confiqure an AWS Lambda function to load data from the S3 bucket into a pandasdataframe- Write a SQL SELECT statement on the dataframe to query the requiredcolumn.
B. Use S3 Select to write a SQL SELECT statement to retrieve the required column fromthe S3 objects.
C. Prepare an AWS Glue DataBrew project to consume the S3 objects and to query the required column.
D. Run an AWS Glue crawler on the S3 objects. Use a SQL SELECT statement in AmazonAthena to query the required column.

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Question # 9

A retail company has a customer data hub in an Amazon S3 bucket. Employees from many countries use the data hub to support company-wide analytics. A governance team must ensure that the company's data analysts can access data only for customers who are within the same country as the analysts. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational effort? 

A. Create a separate table for each country's customer data. Provide access to eachanalyst based on the country that the analyst serves.
B. Register the S3 bucket as a data lake location in AWS Lake Formation. Use the LakeFormation row-level security features to enforce the company's access policies.
C. Move the data to AWS Regions that are close to the countries where the customers are.Provide access to each analyst based on the country that the analyst serves.
D. Load the data into Amazon Redshift. Create a view for each country. Create separate1AM roles for each country to provide access to data from each country. Assign theappropriate roles to the analysts.

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Question # 10

A company uses Amazon RDS to store transactional data. The company runs an RDS DB instance in a private subnet. A developer wrote an AWS Lambda function with default settings to insert, update, or delete data in the DB instance. The developer needs to give the Lambda function the ability to connect to the DB instance privately without using the public internet. Which combination of steps will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead? (Choose two.) 

A. Turn on the public access setting for the DB instance.
B. Update the security group of the DB instance to allow only Lambda function invocationson the database port.
C. Configure the Lambda function to run in the same subnet that the DB instance uses.
D. Attach the same security group to the Lambda function and the DB instance. Include aself-referencing rule that allows access through the database port.
E. Update the network ACL of the private subnet to include a self-referencing rule thatallows access through the database port.

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